Using Demand Management Policies to Promote Economic Growth in the UK Essay

Utilizing Demand Management Policies to Promote Economic Growth in the UK - Essay Example Financial development can be characterized as a proportion of an ascent in the Growth Domestic Product (GDP). It is thus that we decide if a nation is experiencing swelling or development and the typical cost for basic items of a specific nation. To all the more likely comprehend the definition, the term GDP ought to be clarified. The last gives an entirety of the creation of a given nation for the year being referred to. The all out whole originates from including the administration, business and citizen’s consumption and deducting it from all fares of the nation (McCombie and Anthony 43). This will give a general thought of how the market is performing against other worldwide exchanging markets. The current monetary level as clarified before can be credited to various elements. One of them is that the legislature has been against the strategy of possessing property by the general population and has additionally declined the extension of government assistance programs for peo ple in general. By the by, the nation has a fortunate assistance industry with legitimate and present day offices set up. These offices can be followed to the financial part, protection and different business substances that have soar the monetary development. Amusingly, businesses are not in the spotlight any longer. With respect to the figure financial development, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has a lot to state about the eventual fate of the United Kingdom. They report that the world is experiencing a recuperation stage, yet certain components will restrain this movement. High dangers with no ensured returns keep on testing speculators, which can reduce development; included that the money related perspective and business openings are low. Mr. Daniel Tarling-Hunter, a financial analyst clarifies why the economy might be self-destructing (Thompsons 22). The three reasons that he advances are connected to an expansion in the paces of joblessness, including that there is ex panding swelling in the district prompting people’s doubt in the legislature. He includes this may change in the center a long time of 2012 due to facilitating of the Olympic Games and a general decline in swelling. The financial arrangements of the UK gear towards a lessening in the assembling and creation enterprises. This has created a ruckus among the famous financial specialists of the nation. The legislature has been instrumental in giving strategies planned for improving even and legitimate money related development everywhere throughout the nation. For example, it has attempted to advance business and its possibilities in a view to expand work in the locale. There have been four approaches actuated to support monetary development. One of them is the monetary arrangement focusing on the account part which has been crazy since people in general is acquiring huge aggregates of cash to pay costly home loan subsequently upgrading obligation. The money related approach will help in guaranteeing guideline of costs for more noteworthy strength in the exchange showcase while the microeconomic strategies will focus at attracting the nation into a superior stand the world economy by investigating issues of tax assessment framework and business framework. Expanded government spending alludes to the demonstration of the administration to impact the monetary arrangement of a nation by securing a greater number of merchandise and enterprises than it had recently assigned in its national financial plan. There is a general ascent in the all out interest of the nation during such periods. It is a piece of the monetary arrangement by the legislature to control spending in the nation. It could have a positive or an eased back effect on the country’s financial possibility. When there is less spending by the legislature, the pace of GDP goes under since it

Henkie Essay

6.1 Lehman Brothers Lehman Brothers was one of the primary losses of the US end of the worldwide monetary emergency that started in 2007. The US Government, dreading the loss of trust in the monetary markets rescued Fannie May and Freddie Mac, AIG, and some other money related establishments. Be that as it may, when it came to Lehman Brothers, at that point the fourth biggest venture bank in the US, the Government wouldn't bolster and the bank declared financial insolvency. Regardless of whether this was a cool headed choice is, likely, not the subject for this case †however that choice precipitated a great deal of ensuing issues. Or maybe the case has been composed to produce conversation about the mastery of a significant organization by one man †Richard S. Fuld Jr. The case asserts that Lehman Brothers was overwhelmed by Richard S. Fuld Jr. Was this alluring? What steps could have been taken to dodge it? Who could have started these means? The conversation should bring up issues: where was the board, especially the free outside chiefs? Did they comprehend the dangers engaged with the plan of action being sought after by the CEO? Is it safe to say that they were submissive, malleable, excessively trusting, or overwhelmed by the man who was director of the board, administrator of the official panel, and CEO? Where was the review board of trustees, in reality, where were the evaluators? Where was the assignment advisory group, which ought to have been thinking about board structure and enrollment? Without a doubt, where was anybody equipped for facing Fuld? The subsequent issue concerns the directors’ ages. Surely a large number of them had pertinent past experience, however many were old. Valid, some elderly folks individuals can contribute altogether to board conversations from the experience, information and shrewdness. In any case, others break down with age. The Lehman’s board came up short on a parity. The third inquiry †is it workable for the examination experts of a budgetary foundation to offer free speculation guidance to customers about an organization when the money related establishment has an enthusiasm for that organization? †can produce a significant conversation that corporate controllers despite everything battle to control 6.2 The Siemens AG case 1. What may Kleinfeld have done to abstain from leaving? Given the clear social conflict between Kleinfeld’s evident Anglo-Saxon way to deal with intense disapproved of the board and the more socially-concerned German administrative board point of view, there may have been little he could do, other than, maybe, conveying all the more intimately with the work and monetary individuals from the administrative board. Truth be told, resulting gossipy tidbits about the circumstance surfaced, which recommended there was more to the issue than a conflict of desires. Understudies may have the option to uncover more data from press reports. 6.3 Tokyo Electric Power and the calamity at Fukushima Daiichi This case epitomizes how an organization can report certainly that it has fulfilled all the necessary corporate administration rules but then have genuine administration imperfections that prompted a significant issue turning into a fiasco. 1. Did the structure of the board add to the disappointments? The board was huge, official and coming up short on any feeling of autonomous outside executives. This is normal in some settled Japanese organizations, as we will find in this part. Endeavors by the Japanese Government and some global institutional financial specialists, for example, US CalPers, have to a great extent neglected to change mentalities in the meeting room, to where force ought to live and who ought to be ‘promoted’ to the board. 2. How would you represent the disparities between the company’s claimed worry for corporate administration on its site and the calamitous disappointment? This was an organization that evidently didn't acknowledge the importance of expert corporate administration thinking, however made a cursory effort to fulfill the controllers and securities exchange financial specialists. 3. What counsel would you provide for the director of TEPCO? Urge the understudies to value the individual and social parts of the circumstance. â€Å"Replace the board with a larger part of autonomous directors† is definitely not an agreeable answer. This isn't the US or the UK. There is no custom of free chiefs, it negates many top official convictions. In addition, where are these INEDs to originated from? Weight from institutional speculators to leave may work: yet there must be a substitution. Then again, counseling exhortation, tutoring, mentality evolving exercises, understanding on different sheets could all be among the thoughts recommended. 6.4 The TYCO case What should a board do to guarantee that a CEO doesn't regard the organization as a private fiefdom? Perceive that the CEO most likely had a significant influence in the arrangement of different executives. Moreover, renunciation from the board may have little impact on the CEO’s conduct. This is another corporate administration great. The test to understudies is to go past standardizing speculations about how sheets ought to be comprised and how chiefs ought to act. They have to understand that characters truly matter. As in numerous corporate administration adventures referenced in the course reading, influential individuals can practice significant charm, impact and authority over others †especially in the event that they have picked them themselves. What was required was a gathering of INEDs who might demand comprehending what was happening, and whenever disappointed face the CEO/administrator. In the event that fitting, this case can be investigated further from a legitimate perspective to perceive what offenses Kozlowski submitted.

10 Reasons to Use Alternative Fuels The Future of Automobiles

10 Reasons to Use Alternative Fuels The Future of Automobiles Alternative fuels for automobiles are currently a topic of growing interest and importance. On the basis of October 2013 data, there are approximately 34 million flexible fuel vehicles and the sale of hybrid electric vehicles numbered more than 9 million (September 2014 data). Other figures in terms of number of vehicles produced include 17.8 million natural gas vehicles (December 2012) and 17.5 million LPG powered vehicles (December 2010). © Shutterstock.com | pogoniciIn this article, we look at 1) what is an alternative fuel vehicle? 2) 10 reasons to use alternative fuels, 3) some single-fuel sources, 4) some multiple-fuel sources, and 5) potential future of automobiles.WHAT IS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLE?An alternative fuel vehicle may be defined as a vehicle that is powered by any fuel other than the conventional petroleum fuels (diesel or petrol). It also indicates any technology of engine powering that does not entail solely petroleum (such as solar powered, electric car or hybrid electric vehicles). Such a vehicle is therefore “cleaner” and safer for the environment.A green vehicle (also known as an environmentally friendly vehicle) is a motor vehicle for the road that produces less environmental impacts than comparable traditional internal combustion engine vehicles that are powered by diesel or gasoline, or one that utilizes specific alternative fuels.10 REASONS TO USE ALTERNATIVE FUELS#1. Conventional fue ls are going to run outOne day, our sources for traditional fuels including petroleum would be depleted. Owing to the fact that these fuels are typically not renewable, a lot of people are worried that a day would come when the demand for these fuels would be more than the supply, triggering a considerable world crisis. Non-environmentalists also concur with the opinion that the majority of oil fields (situated in the Middle East) in the world are associated with problems â€" both political and economic. Determining a new method or solution with respect to finding different countries to create new fuels would reduce the unrest and conflict resulting from the world’s dependence on fuel supply from the Middle East.#2. To reduce pollutionThe use of alternative fuels considerably decreases harmful exhaust emissions (such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide) as well as ozone-producing emissions.#3. To protect against global warmingAccording to a co mmonly accepted scientific theory, burning fossil fuels was causing temperatures to rise in the earth’s atmosphere (global warming). Though global warming continues to be just a theory, a lot of people across the globe are of the belief that discovering sources of cleaner burning fuel is an essential step towards enhancing the quality of our environment.#4. To save moneyAlternative fuels can be less expensive to use not just in terms of the fuel itself but also in terms of a longer service life. This in turn means savings for the long term.#5. Can reuse wasteBiofuels, bioproducts, and biopower provide modern and fresh relevance to the old belief that trash for one person is a treasure for another. That’s good news considering that Americans produce in excess of 236 million tons of waste each year.#6. More choicesPeople are different. Each person has his own requirements, opinions, and preferences. One great thing about alternative fuels and the corresponding vehicles that run on them is that there is something to suit any lifestyle.#7. You’ll be helping the farmersThe use of biofuels that depend on crops produced and processed locally help to support farmers for their dedicated and hard labor. Biodiesel and ethanol cooperatives are a result of the great outmoded farmer cooperatives that assist with returning power to the hands of the people.#8. Can frequently be produced domesticallyOften, alternative fuels can be developed domestically, utilizing a country’s resources and thereby strengthening the economy.#9. Fuel economyVehicles driven on hydrogen fuel cells and diesel are more economical with respect to fuel compared to an equivalent gasoline vehicle.#10. More convenienceWireless charging is one of the factors that make alternative fuels more convenient. Automaker Nissan already displayed the technology in concert along with a parking assist system which mechanically guides the vehicle to its “docking station” or parking spot. The driver just pr esses a button or utters a command, releases control over the wheel, and the vehicle takes care of the rest. Once the vehicle is parked, the driver just turns the car off, closes the door, and carries on with his business. No need to go the gas station and no plugs. All that’s required is low-cost electricity and adequate gas in the tank whenever you have to travel in your car.More and more onboard sensors now provide cars with the ability to tackle the most challenging driving tasks such as modifying cruise speeds to suit traffic situations in real time, emergency stops, and parking. In combination with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Advanced GPS navigation, we can soon expect a day to come when driving would be absolutely “hands free.”The development of the ‘connected car,’ characterized by seamless communication of the automobile with sensor onboard systems of its own, in addition to road and signal infrastructure, so as to decrease time expended in traffic, pre vent accidents, and connect occupants to the web by way of mobile and on-board devices â€" is triggering increased electrification for vehicle architectures.SOME SINGLE FUEL SOURCESSolarA solar car is one powered by solar energy got from solar panels present on the car. It is an electric vehicle. At present, solar panels cannot be utilized to directly give a car the required amount of power. However, they can be utilized to increase the range of electric vehicles. They are used for racing in competitions such as the North American Solar Challenge and the World Solar Challenge. Frequently, these events are sponsored by the United States Department of Energy or other government agencies eager to encourage the growth of alternative energy applying technology such as electric vehicles and solar cells.Nuna, a group of manned vehicles running on solar power clinched the World Solar Challenge held at Australia, three times in succession. This was in the years 2001, 2003 and 2005. The Nunas are developed by students from the Delft University of Technology.A two-seater renewable energy vehicle called Trev was designed by staff and students from the University of South Australia. This vehicle was first showcased at the 2005 World Solar Challenge as the idea of an efficient, low-mass commuter car. With a mass of approximately 300 kg and 3 wheels, the prototype car’s acceleration was 0-100 km/h in approximately 10 seconds and a maximum speed of 120 km/h.Air-engineIt is an emission-free piston engine that utilizes compressed air as an energy source. Guy Nègre, a French engineer, is credited with invention of the first ever compressed air car. The pistons in a modified piston engine can be driven utilizing the expansion of compressed air. Effectiveness of operation can be achieved by way of the utilization of environmental heat at regular temperature to warm the expanded air (that is otherwise cold) from the storage tank. The non-adiabatic expansion can potentially consi derably increase the machine’s efficiency. The sole exhaust is cold air (-15 degree centigrade) which may also be utilized for car air conditioning. A pressurized carbon-fiber tank is the source for air. Air enters the engine by way of a rather traditional injection system. A distinct crank design inside the engine increases the time in the course of which there is warming of air charge from ambient sources. In addition, a two-stage process enables enhanced heat transfer rates.Battery-electricBattery electric vehicles (or BEVs), are electric vehicles for which the key energy storage lies in the batteries’ chemical energy. These vehicles are the most widespread kind of what the California Air Resources Board (CARB) defines as zero emission vehicle (ZEV) owing to the fact that they create no tailpoint emissions at the spot of operation. Included among the batteries utilized in electric vehicles are absorbed glass mat, nickel metal hydride, Li-poly, NiCd, zinc-air batteries, floode d lead acid and Li-ion. The electrical energy taken on board a BEV to propel the motors is got from a range of battery chemistries organized into battery packs. For extra range, pusher trailers or genset trailers are now and again utilized, creating a kind of hybrid vehicle.As of October 2014, the Nissan Leaf all-electric car is the world’s top selling plug-in highway-capable electric car.BiofuelsEthanol and biodiesel are the two major biofuels created from bioenergy.Ethanol can be developed from sugar cane in Brazil or other tropical countries and from crops such as soya bean and corn in the United States and other places where the climate is temperate.Biodiesel is mostly developed from vegetable oils and may be utilized in any diesel automobile devoid of modification.Gasoline comprising 10 percent of ethanol can be utilized in the majority of modern autos bereft of modification. Higher mixes of ethanol (20 percent and 85 percent) may be utilized in modern FFV (Flexi Fuel Vehicle s) available from the majority of automobile companies.Compressed biogas can be utilized for Internal Combustion Engines after the raw gas has been purified. The taking away of H2S, H20 and particles may be considered as standard creating a gas with the same features as Compressed Natural Gas. The utilization of biogas is specifically interesting for climates where a biogas powered power plant’s waste heat could be utilized in the course of the summer.HydrogenAs of 2009, Hydrogen fuelled cars for the main market seems to be a distant happening. As per the 2006-published Hydrogen Posture Plan (from the U.S. Department of Energy), the chief issue of utilizing hydrogen as fuel for vehicles is: in spite of the fact that hydrogen is the element available in plenty in the universe, the form in which it exists on the earth is not naturally elemental. To get pure hydrogen, it must be created from other compounds that contain hydrogen such as biomass, water or fossil fuels.PropanePropane ( also termed LPG or liquefied petroleum gas) is a fossil fuel that is domestically available in abundance and which produces less harmful greenhouse gases and air pollutants. The utilization of propane as a vehicle fuel provides convenience, enhances energy security, improves the environment and public health and offers performance benefits.Usually, with respect to fleet applications, propane is less expensive than gasoline and provides a comparable driving range to traditional fuel. Despite the fact that its octane rating is higher than that of gasoline (104 to 112 for the former as against 87 to 92 for the latter), and possibly more horsepower, its Btu rating is less than that of gasoline thereby leading to the positive benefit of lower fuel economy. Thanks to the fuel’s mixture of air and propane being fully gaseous, cold start issues relating to liquid fuel are decreased.Propane is insoluble in water, nonpoisonous and non-toxic. When compared with vehicles powered by convention al gasoline and diesel, propane vehicles can deliver lower amounts of certain harmful greenhouse gases and air pollutants, depending on engine calibration, drive cycle and vehicle type.Natural gasAt present, compressed natural gas is utilized in 20 percent of buses and numerous converted vehicles in the United States. Though natural gas is typically available only by way of extraction from fossil fuels, it continues to be regarded as a great fuel alternative owing to its availability in the U.S. In addition, it is associated with cleaner burning compared to regular petroleum.SOME MULTIPLE FUEL SOURCESHybridA hybrid vehicle utilizes multiple propulsion systems to deliver motive power. The gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle is the most common kind of hybrid vehicle which utilizes electric batteries and gasoline (petrol) for the energy utilized to run electric motors and internal combustion engines (ICEs). These motors are typically comparatively little in size and would be regarded as â €œunderpowered” on their own, but they can deliver a regular driving experience when utilized in combination at the time of acceleration and other maneuvers that call for more power.As per December 2013 figures, there are more than 50 models of hybrid electric cars existing in various world markets. In addition, 7.5 million hybrid electric vehicles were sold across the globe, the leader being Toyota Motor Company (TMC) with over 6 million Toyota and Lexus hybrids and followed by Honda Motor Co. with cumulative international sales exceeding 1.2 million hybrids. The Toyota Prius is the world’s top selling hybrid with sales of 3 million units completed by June 2013. The United States leads in global sales with more than 3 million units having been sold by October of last year.Flexible fuelA dual-fuel vehicle or flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) is a light duty truck or alternative fuel automobile with a multifuel engine that can utilize more than a single fuel, typically blended in the s ame tank, and the mixture is burned together in the combustion chamber. In conversational language, these vehicles are termed “flex-fuel”, “flex” in Brazil and “flexifuel” in Europe. FFVs are distinct from bi-fuel vehicles characterized by the storage of two fuels in separate tanks. The ethanol flexible-fuel vehicle is the most common and commercially available FFV in the global market, with the key markets being in the United States, Sweden, Brazil and a number of other European markets.POTENTIAL FUTURE OF AUTOMOBILESThe ‘connected car’ mentioned earlier, is one example of what we can see in the future of automobiles in terms of cleaner, more efficient and safer driving. Government involvement is required to ensure the connected car gets on the road. In early 2014, standards setting agencies of Europe concurred on a common group of protocols for traffic infrastructure and cars to communicate. This is an example worth emulating. After that, governments should fix str ingent deadlines for all new cars to be completely connected and able to platoon. A date should also be fixed for the retrofitting of existing cars with a fundamental locator beacon and the capability to receive warnings of hazards.For cars to connect, it is necessary that new infrastructure be built. Parking spaces and roads would require sensors for monitoring while motorways would require dedicated lanes for platooning.Another exciting development in the future of automobiles is the driverless car. As the name indicates, it is a car that self-drives to a particular destination. There is no human driver. One of the Google  co-founders is of the opinion that driverless cars would be on the market for customers to buy, in five years or less. In addition to helping cut accidents and therefore, reducing expenses to insurers and health systems, these cars can also ease congestion and reduce fuel use. Computers are associated with speedier braking than humans. In addition, they can make out when the cars in front of them are braking. This means that driverless cars can drive much closer to one another than human beings safely can. These cars could also form fuel-saving “road trains” on motorways, sliding along in the area of the slipstream of the vehicle that’s in front of it. The future of automobiles is definitely bright with safer, faster and easier driving and alternative fuels for a cleaner environment.

When Are PSAT Scores Released

If you took the PSAT in October, you can expect to get your scores on the College Board website in mid-December. The exact date depends on the state in which you attend high school. The table below presents the detailed schedule for score release. PSAT Score Release Schedule Although the PSAT Test takes place in October  (see here for the specific PSAT test dates  for the current year), PSAT scores arent released until mid-December.  For students who took the exam in October of 2017, the PSAT scores will be released on the following dates: Score Release Date State December 11, 2017 Alaska, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming December 12, 2017 Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas December 13, 2017 Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia 2017 PSAT/NMSQT Score Release Dates PSAT scores used to go directly to schools instead of being mailed to student. Now, you can access your score reports online with an access code provided by your school counselor. And its a great thing to access them online because there are a lot of bonus materials that you get if you do.Youll receive free, personalized study through The Khan Academy with your test results, so youll know how to hone your skills best for the SAT. In addition, youll get to partake in a personality profiler that suggests possible careers and majors that seem to fit you best. You can also search for careers and possible majors with BigFuture just by accessing your online scores.   If you dont really care, or dont want to bother with looking up your score, then you can wait until late January when your PSAT scores are mailed to your school, which is where you took the test. From there, your teachers or guidance counselors will distribute a paper score report to you. Your PSAT Score Report Once youve received your PSAT score report (heres a sample so youll know how it looks), youll see fifteen different scores. Of primary concern are these: Your Total score: (between 320 and 1520)Your Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Score: (between 160 and 760)Your Math Score: (between 160 and 760)Your NMSC Selection Index (SI) Score: Your Reading, Writing and Language, and Math scores added up and multipled by 2.   What To Do with Your PSAT Scores Now that you have received your scores, what should you do?  Since your PSAT scores are designed to show you how you may fare on the SAT, then its a great idea to use the PSAT as a diagnostic test and your PSAT score report as an indication of what you may earn on the SAT. Check out your overall scores. Are your percentiles in line with the scores of incoming freshmen for the colleges and universities youre interested in attending? If not, youll want to come up with a strategy for improving your scores. Pay attention to the smaller sub-scores provided on your test, too. If, for example, your overall score in Math is pretty good,  but your lowest score was in Problem-Solving and Data Analysis, one of the subscores available on your sheet, then youll know to study those types of questions even more for the SAT. Your PSAT score report can help guide you to your best score possible on the SAT exam if you use it well. If you have questions about anything related to your PSAT test, feel free to make an appointment with your counselor at school. He or she is skilled in helping you navigate the ins and outs of the test and your results.

Energy Sector - 11370 Words

EXECUTIVE BRIEFING Energy sector is one of the most important sectors for the current economy. Nowadays, the access to energy is a key point for the development and welfare of a country. With that purpose, all the countries try to push forward their energy sectors, aiming to have enough resources to sustain their growing perspectives. Within the energy sectors, the electricity sector is considered a strategic one, considering the increase of electricity demand occurred during the last 15 years all over the world, and especially in Europe and United States. For that reason, in order to assure the efficiency and rationality of this essential sector, some adjustments have been made in it legal and political frame. In 1996, the†¦show more content†¦Introduction of the electricity sector in Spain: To liberalize a series of activities of the energy sector and to open this sector to the competition begin with the approval, in the scope of the European Union, of the Directive for the establishment of the Inner Market of the Electricity (96/92/CE). This Directive has been transposed to the regulation in Spain of the Law of the Electrical Sector of November, 1997. To open the market and the introduction of the competition has as a main objective, the continuity of the supplying and its quality as well as the smaller possible cost. The National Commission of Energy was created as a controller entity of the energy systems and to look after by the competition between the different energy systems. The new regulating frame suppresses the consideration of the public service for the electricity although the electrical energy happens to consider itself like indispensable for the operation of the society. In the following Chart N ° 6, we show the evolution of the liberalization of the electricity sector, with the percentage of market that supposed. Chart N ° 6 [pic] During 2006, production and electrical power consumption in Spain has been characterized by: †¢ Increase of the consumption in 2,7% reaching 267, 668 million KWH. From 1997 the consumption has been increased in 65%. †¢ The electrical consuming major was the industrial sector, with 36.8% of the total,Show MoreRelatedThe Development Of The Energy Sector1537 Words   |  7 PagesMuch like other sectors, the energy sector is constantly faced with challenges. Companies and governments are constantly looking to sources to provide secure access to guarantee that demand is met. The World population is hovering around the 7 billion mark making the demand for secure access a critical challenge. This requires a long-term balancing solution while satisfying short-term needs. 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Exploration activities are undertaken by Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration and Production Company Limited (BAPEX) and some International Oil Companies (IOC). Production activities are undertaken by Bangladesh Gas Fields CompanyRead MoreThe Energy Sector Is The Most Fundamental Resource That Fuels The Entire Globe925 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know that energy is the most fundamental resource that fuels the entire globe. The Energy sector is of international importance and is widely followed by many national and international organizations. ExxonMobil is the world’s largest public company in market capitalization and is the benchmark for companies operating in the Oil Gas Industry. Exxon is currently operating in the United States as well as over 200 other countries around the w orld. The company operates business under three

Theresa Kennedy Instructor Free Essays

The business plan I chose was a child care services business plan titled Kid’s Community College, this business plan is very well thought out and provides much strength. The owner/proprietor has seventeen years of executive management experience, budgeting experience, and has a lot of knowledge in advanced technology. The industry consultant is relied upon for industry expertise and offers insight regarding rules and regulations, and government programs. We will write a custom essay sample on Theresa Kennedy Instructor or any similar topic only for you Order Now This person is qualified as they own their own licensed day care. The campus director has a BS in education, two years experience as a Facility Administrator, two years experience as an Operations Manager, five years of managerial experience, and three years of grant writing experience. The vice president offers college level public relations experience, five years of customer service experience, eight years of child care services experience, and extensive knowledge in dance, art, and theatre. The business plan expresses a need for an experienced CPA and expresses that some of the current members need to obtain their Child Care Development Associate credentials, which will be a requirement among future upper-level employees. The business model is very well developed and researched. The plan provides breakdowns of what capital is needed to start-up, maintain the business, and provides an anticipated growth plan for the next three years. The plan also provides information on how many students are required to be enrolled, on an average weekly basis, to break even. Furthermore, the plan provides information for anticipated growth into a franchise consisting of three separate locations. The owner also researched the need for services in the area, the competitors and how to offer services to differentiate the Kid’s College from competitors, and how many â€Å"target† homes were within the ten mile radius. The owner also researched what the projected growth of the community is by researching construction of new homes. I believe the services this plan depicts are well-designed to compete with competitors in the surrounding areas. I also think the company has a sound mission statement and has put much thought into how to go about achieving the goals stated in the mission statement. I think this business will attract many clients as the owner intends to be active in the community, form partnerships with local businesses, and offer discounts to clients of partnering businesses. I believe the market segments are accurately targeted. The price the organization will charge for the services they intend to offer will meet this segment’s budget, and there is definitely a need for quality child care services when both parents have a career. The location of the proposed business is in a medical plaza which also houses a fitness center. Clients of the fitness center have already expressed a need for child care services. The company has ideal plans for marketing their services. I think the pre-enrollment drives, waiver of application fees on initial start-up of the business, and community weekends will be a superior way of attracting clients and building a strong reputation. The start-up members provide adequate support for customer service relations and management responsibilities, but I feel as the business grows these areas will need to be strengthened. I also feel the educational instructors and activities instructors need to be implemented as soon as possible so as not to weaken the mission statement and goals of the facility. The plan was very well organized and thought out. The charts provide a detailed break down of revenue which shows that the company will be stable, and make a profit. Further break downs show that a minimum average of thirty four students a week is necessary to break even. The customer demand for child care services in the area is increasing. The owner cites the 2000 Florida Business Census shows there is an annual population growth of 2% per year and with the residential construction that is under way this growth is supposed to reach 14. 6% per year. The existing business plan has room for potential growth if necessary. The employees’ growth is anticipated and encouraged through various incentives. The plan proposes encouraging employees by offering incentives for obtaining quarterly financial and enrollment goals, probationary completion, passing county inspections that may be required, perfect attendance, tuition reimbursement, and customer service awards for those who exceed customer expectations. These incentives will motivate employees in their jobs and increase product quality. References  http://www. bplans. com/child_day_care_services_business_plan/executive_summary_fc. cfm How to cite Theresa Kennedy Instructor, Papers

System Analyst Essay Research Paper Systems Analyst free essay sample

System Analyst Essay, Research Paper Systems Analyst analyses, designs and implements the information gathered antecedently to a system, the concluding merchandise which is a study of annual gross revenues, net incomes, etc. The first thing a Systems Analyst does is to interview the company which wants the study, ( called the user ) to happen out what sort of study they privation, format, etc. They must happen whether the study is executable or non, and to happen out, they do an analysis of the undertaking. To analyse the undertaking, they must happen out where are they traveling to acquire the information, how, when is the undertaking traveling to be done, etc. They so plan the system, which is to do a # 8217 ; skeleton # 8217 ; of the undertaking. They write specifications, of what is to be in the concluding study. They do flowcharting, specifications for the coders of the study, and development control. Development control is where the Systems Analyst works with the coders along a critical way. We will write a custom essay sample on System Analyst Essay Research Paper Systems Analyst or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A critical way is like a due day of the month, if the study is to be done in 30 yearss, the Systems Analyst makes certain the study is done in 30 yearss. The Systems Analyst besides follows the first analysis of when the undertaking will be finished. The critical way besides calculates how many adult male hours it will take to complete, etc. A critical way flow chart besides helps the coders along. After the development is finished and a paradigm of the study is finished, the Systems Analyst helps the coders in proving the plan for bugs. This is similar to quality control. The Systems Analyst helps to makes certain the work is done until the concluding study is achieved. Once the concluding study is finished and free of bugs, it is sent to the user. The Systems Analyst has a large occupation to make, he/she is responsible for the design, the development, and execution of the study, Internet Explorer: what aim will it serve, presentation, etc. The Systems Analyst creates and helps complete the concluding merchandise, doing all the specifications and charts for what is to be done. A Systems Analyst requires a computing machine scientific discipline grade to acquire the occupation. He/She must hold good analytical accomplishments, ( to be able to analyse for the study ) good communicating accomplishments, and experience in scheduling is a aid besides. Basically a Systems Analyst is responsible for systems undertakings, from get downing to the terminal of a undertaking, and they must implement the system to good usage. The Systems Analyst so must follow up to do certain the plan is running swimmingly.

Greek History Essays - Polis, Coin, Roman Currency,

Greek History Classical Studies (OFC304C) Skills Practice Task Short Answers 1) The sources for ancient history are divided into four categories. Name each of them, and briefly describe two of those categories. ?h Archaeology: Archaeology is the science or study of history derived from the evidence of the relics and remains of early human cultures as discovered chiefly by systematic excavations. The Oxford Classical dictionary defines archaeology as the study of the whole material culture. By this definition, archaeology is the study of history through the analysis of tangible evidence. e.g. roads, buildings, sculptures, tools ?h Coins (Numismatics) Numismatics is the science of coins and medals. As a source, coins are of particular importance. A lot can be determined in regards to metal usage, quantity of metals, craftsmanship, identity (in terms of origin) and trade. Coins were generally made of gold, silver, electrum, bronze and copper. Not much has changed in the way of coins. The designs are easily identifiable as to which period and origin they had belonged to. In addition to this, the complexity of the design work shows the relative ability of the people of that time in terms of workmanship. Roman coins can be found all over Europe. In light of this, it is possible to deduce that Romans had contact with other countries. Also the quantity of coins at a certain location could give some idea as to the amount of trade that existed. In addition coins are incredibly durable, thus being an ideal source for archaeological evidence. ?h Inscriptions ?h Literature 2) What was a Greek Polis? The Poleis were a body of cities in an autonomous state. There are many sources that define the Polis in one way or the other as a city-state. In all simplicity, it is a community of citizens (adult males), women, children, slaves and resident foreigners. It was self- sufficient, had its own government, constitution, unique culture (religion, tradition and so forth) and a defined territory. Some poleis were incredibly small and others such as Athens and Sparta have been estimated to have population figures above a hundred thousand. Although they were individual Heles and fought each other frequently over the scarce resources (in regards to arable land, metals etc.), they did unite to fight a common enemy in the Persian Wars. 3) Did the geography of Greece affect the development of the Polis? How? The topography of Greece is mountainous, rocky and there are only small patches of land that are suitable for agriculture. Poleis were intended to be small, it was a fact that the Greeks could not support large populations due to a lack of food resources among other deficiencies. Socrates said that an ideal population for an poleis would be that of 5000 citizens, which taking into consideration of non-citizens came to a figure of roughly 15000 to 20000 people. These lack of resources had forced groups of people to roam and create colonies that could be self supporting and very often those Poleis were situated on the sparse and separated patches of suitable land all over Greece. This later extended to islands and land that was far removed from the Greek peninsula. Not only did the lack of resources affect them, yet the sheer physical divisions, which were the result of mountains and other natural land formations. These physical formations affected the development of Poleis in regards to location. Many Poleis could be found near the coastal areas where the sea was accessible and the land less rugged. 4) What was an Agora and why was it important in a polis? The Oxford History of the Classical World defines the agora to be a place of assembly, a seat of justice and of government. The agora was the focal point for the citys everyday affairs and trade of all kinds. Brothels, foodstuffs, barbers and all levels of commerce took place here. Some Agoras were rather spacious, with dimensions up to the size of 100m by 200m. In addition there was an area known as the colonus agoraeus which was situated by the hill near the marketplace in Athens. Important public buildings and equally important public officials were stationed here. Even of more significance was the Council House where the Boule sat. These were the eldest and richest in the city (council of

Corrosive Definition - Glossary of Chemistry Terms

Corrosive Definition - Glossary of Chemistry Terms Corrosive refers to  a substance that has the power to cause irreversible damage or destroy another substance by contact. A corrosive substance may attack a wide variety of materials, but the term is usually applied to chemicals that can cause chemical burns upon contact with living tissue. A corrosive substance may be a solid, liquid, or gas. The term corrosive comes from the Latin verb corrodere, which means to gnaw. At low concentrations, corrosive chemicals are typically irritants. The hazard symbol used to identify either a chemical capable of metal corrosion or skin corrosion shows a chemical poured onto a material and a hand, eating into the surface. Also Known As: Corrosive chemicals may also be referred to as caustic, although the term caustic usually applies to strong bases and not acids or oxidizers. Key Takeaways: Corrosive Definition A corrosive substance is defined as a material capable of damaging or destroying other substances on contact via a chemical reaction.Examples of corrosive chemicals include acids, oxidizers, and bases. Specific examples include sodium hydroxide, nitric acid, and hydrogen peroxide.The international pictogram indicating a corrosive chemical shows a surface and a human hand being eaten away by a liquid dripping from a test tube. Examples of Corrosive Substances Strong acids and bases are commonly corrosive, although there are some acids (e.g., the carborane acids) that are very powerful, yet not corrosive. Weak acids and bases may be corrosive if they are concentrated. Classes of corrosive substances include: strong acids s include nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acidconcentrated weak acids s include concentrated acetic acid and formic acid.strong Lewis acids s include potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide.alkali metals s include sodium and potassium metal.dehydrating agents s include calcium oxide and phosphorus  pentoxide.strong oxidizers s include elemental fluorine and chlorine. The halide ions are not corrosive, except for fluoride.acid anhydridesorganic halides - An example is acetyl chloride.alkylating agents An example is dimethyl sulfate.certain organics - An example is phenol or carbolic acid. How Corrosion Works Usually a corrosive chemical that attacks human skin denatures proteins or performs amide hydrolysis or ester hydrolysis. Amide hydrolysis damages proteins, which contain amide bonds. Lipids contain ester bonds and are attacked by ester hydrolysis. In addition, a corrosive agent may participate in chemical reactions that dehydrate skin and/or produce heat. For example, sulfuric acid dehydrates carbohydrates in skin and releases heat, sometimes sufficient to cause a thermal burn in addition to the chemical burn. Corrosive substances that attack other materials, such as metals, may produce rapid oxidation of the surface (for example). Safe Handling of Corrosive Materials Protective gear is used for personal protection from corrosive materials. The equipment may include gloves, aprons, safety goggles, safety shoes, respirators, face shields, and acid suits. Vapors and corrosive chemicals with a high vapor pressure should be used within a ventilation hood. Its important that protective gear be made using a material with high chemical resistance to the corrosive chemical of interest. There is no single protective material that protects against all corrosive substances! For example, rubber gloves may be fine for one chemical, yet be corroded by another. The same is true of nitrile, neoprene, and butyl rubber. Uses of Corrosive Materials Corrosive chemicals often make good cleaners. Because they tend to be highly reactive, corrosives may be used in catalytic reactions or as reactive intermediates in the chemical industry. Corrosive Versus Caustic or Irritant The term caustic is often considered synonymous with corrosive. However, only strong bases should be referred to as caustic. Examples of caustic chemicals include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. A dilute corrosive chemical acts as an irritant. However, at higher concentrations, corrosive chemicals produce a chemical burn. While corrosive chemicals may be poisonous, the two characteristics are separate. A poison is a substance with a systemic toxic effect. Poisons may take some time to act. In contrast, a corrosive substance causes an immediate effect on tissue or a surface.

Assessing Traditional Arguments about God's Existence Essay

Assessing Traditional Arguments about God's Existence - Essay Example Anselm during the 11th century CE. According to him, the existence of God can be derived from the belief that a being, which is more powerful than any other can be, conceived (Pojman 54). The argument goes ahead to hold that, considering that a more powerful being cannot be conceived is evidence to show that the only conceivable being that can be conceived remains the greatest. Therefore, the conception of an all-powerful God that surpasses all other beings shows that God exists. I believe that the ontological theory is not successful, mainly because it is one grounded upon reason, and it is obvious that the reasoning of a man is guided and based upon his past experience and the knowledge held. In supporting the argument, the proponents argue that disputing the existence of God is awkward, like the act of imagining that a four-sided triangle, which cannot be drawn (Malcolm 41-50). The proponents continue to argue that humans can tell that claims disputing God’s existence can b e rejected without referring to any evidence or tolerating any arguments in support of the viewpoint. The unsuccessfulness of the argument can be verified from the very premises it is built upon, including that it relies upon the experience and the knowledge of man to impose the viewpoint that God exists, without exploring anything beyond the reasoning of man (Pojman 54). The areas that the argument does not account for include the differences in the reasoning, and the knowledge held by different people – from different social and cultural settings. For example, a person of one social and cultural setting will conceive a God of one kind, and another from a different one will conceive a different one. These differences serve to show that the different Gods conceived by the different groups can be flawed; therefore, the existence of a more superior being cannot be disputed. The reasoning against the argument shows that it is not valid, because the specific inferences, it is gro unded upon cannot be reasoned out from an objective point of view, and because the premises are not verified for validity in any way. The invalid inferences of the argument include the conception that God exists and that another god who is greater than the conceptualized God exists (Malcolm 41-50). Others include the inference that God exists as an idea in the mind. The inferences show that the different ideas developed by different people may show that different gods are conceived. There is the inference of holding other things constant, which shows that the reasoning blocks the conception or proves of a higher power or being, which is not a proper reasoning for a substantial and reasoned argument (Pojman 54). The argument is not sound, mainly because the different premises it is grounded upon, are themselves flawed right from their conception. The premises that are distinctively false or unfounded include the following: that the conception of a superior God blocks the possibility that a power which is higher than him exists and that the superior God exists as an idea, which shows that another idea of a more powerful force can still be developed. Other unfounded premises include that the reality of God is not verified in any way, and the claim that the conception of a higher being will be a contradiction of reality, although the reality to be contradicted has not been verified in any logical way (Oppy 72). Citing the unfounded nature of the inferences and the premises used by the

Slavery in latin america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery in latin america - Essay Example Despite everything, this paper seeks to identify the context in which this book was produced and determine its implication on the study of Africans in Latin America. The journey for Africans, who were captured and enslaved in America, involved eleven million Africans, but only four hundred and fifty thousand of them, went to America; actually, the other millions went to Caribbean and Latin America1. In this case, the book â€Å"Black in Latin America† by Henry Louis Gates explores changes in events during the history of slavery in the West and its implication to culture. Moreover, analysis of this book gives substantial insights on the newly created and vibrant culture by Africans and understanding of influences caused by Africans, Portuguese and Spanish cultures. Context in Which the Book Was Produced The book â€Å"Black in Latin America† by Henry Louis Gates was produced in year 2011 to mark a celebration and the will of numerous Haitians and Dominicans to assert the ir African ancestry. Moreover, the book was produced during a period attributed to denial of African heritage by numerous Dominicans. In fact, the author of this book established an organization in Dominican Republic, which was referred to as Kong Brotherhood. Furthermore, the book was produced due to the assertion of African heritage in Haiti, which was denied by many Haitians. ... Moreover, it is written in a context that relates to events in the modern world, which are compared to the past to foster understanding of the influence caused by slavery. Furthermore, this book depicts facts related to race and African ancestries focusing on acknowledgement or denial of their past and the way these African ancestries interrelate with other cultures in a multicultural world of Latin America. The history of Africans in Latin America is unveiled by the author in this book, whereby ideas gathered from slaves’ experiences are extended to the present; in fact, this involves an illustration of the history of Africans in six Latin American countries, which include Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, Haiti, Peru and the Dominican Republic. Moreover, these experiences entail art, music, dance, politics and religion, though it also focuses on presenting the anti-black racisms, which was aimed at expunging African culture2. Brazil has the world’s largest slave economy; thus, th is book sought to explore ideas that facilitate understanding of the way a country such as Brazil attained this status by enslaving Africans. Furthermore, there is a correlation identified between slavery and other aspects of life such as culture, religion, music and politics in a country such as Cuba. In fact, the book points out that this correlation is attributed to the amount of labour supply offered by the slave imported to Cuba with aims of generating significant profits during the nineteenth century in the sugar industry. Nevertheless, there are other ideas in this book, which are based on the context of communist revolution that occurred in 1959. In fact, that was a period when racisms instilled fear among numerous

Timber Frame Housing Construction

Timber Frame Housing Construction Timber frame housing a viable alternative to masonry Construction 1.1 Introduction Chapter one of this dissertation will review relevant articles of primary and secondary data to evaluate the hypothesis: Timber Frame construction a viable alternative to masonry construction. The main objective of this literature review is to increase the knowledge and understanding of the research and to critically apprise all that has been researched on timber frame construction in comparison to masonry construction. The literature review will be categorised into the following areas: Environmental impact Factors effecting Construction Costs. ( time savings, prelim costs Barriers effecting timber frame Fire resistance, acoustic, Thermal etc The literature review compares the opinion of other researchers and what they have discovered and done in relation to such aspects in timber frame construction 1.2 Environmental impact of timber frame construction in comparison to masonry construction. 1.2.1 Materials Roaf (2004 p.13) quotes buildings are our third skin. To survive we need shelter from the elements using three skins the first is provided by our own skin, the second by a layer of clothes and the third is the building. In some climates it is only with all three we can provide sufficient shelter to survive, in others the first skin is enough. The more extreme the climate, the more we have to rely on the building to protect us from the elements. Just as we take off and put on clothes as the weather and the climate changes so we can alter our buildings to adopt climate change Therefore one must investigate which method of construction is best suited to ones needs taking into account costs, environmental consequences and aspects such as thermal, acoustical and fire resistance so therefore they can life in a comfortable dwelling There appears to a be a huge demand in the construction industry to improve the efficiency in buildings, therefore to control climate change and to make this happen one must look firstly on the construction of our buildings and what method has the best impact on the environment. The author feels there is a strong case for investigating the timber frame approach as it has a potential for creating sustainable homes. Practices such as energy efficiency, recycling and the use of sustainable materials and products need to become inherent parts of the design and construction process and in some cases, displace traditional construction process and practices sustainable homes (2000), As Some materials used in construction can damage the environment: they can create pollution, while others are produced in an energy intensive process. Reclaimed material and products made from recycled material are less likely to cause environmental damage. It is important that materials should be judged on their lifecycle and their performance once they are installed. Buchann and honey, (1994) also suggest that there is a growing awareness that in the choice of building materials, the designer must not only consider the traditional requirements, but also the resource base and the effects on the environment of extraction, manufacture and processing of the building material, as the amount of primary energy used can have huge effects on greenhouse gas emissions. Borjesson and Gustavasson (2000) agrees with this statement as he suggests that, The substitution of sustainability produced wood material for other construction materials can reduce net Co2 emissions, Quack (2001) is in support of this statement with after the results of his study show that the life cycle of each house is independent of the construction materials. Sustainable homes (2000) discuses that timber is possibly the only renewable resource in the construction sector. According to Timber construction (2007) timber frame construction is the only environmentally friendly material available, as it claimed to be a carbon neutral. Claiming 800 kg of carbon dioxide is saved for every cubic meter of wood used. Stating that when comparing a 100m2 timber frame and masonry house, a total of 4 tonnes of carbon dioxide could be saved as a timber frame dwelling contains 5-6 cubic meters mores timber IPCC (1996) agrees that the manufacture of wood products normally requires less energy than that of alternative product which in results compares to the statements made above. Noren (2001) studied timber frame and traditional masonry houses over their lifecycle and claims that timber frame houses are a better environmental change to implement as carbon dioxide is reduced on every stage of the buildings life. Sutton (2007) is in agreement with this statement, claiming timber frame emit 16.5 % less carbon dioxide over the life of the building in comparison to its counterpart masonry construction. But However Brunklaud and baumann (2002) suggest after having examined reports on the environmental impacts of different materials on timber frame and masonry construction that wood has the lowest environmental impact in terms of embodied carbon dioxide emissions, but however over a complete lifecycle, building operational emissions is the most important factor regardless of the materials chosen, and that it is improvements to reduce operational emissions that will benefit the overall environmental impact of a building. Bjorklund and Tillman (1997) also agree as results show that timber frame has a better environmental impact at manufacture stage but however masonry can match timber frame over the life of the building Sustainable homes (2000) indicates that buildings accounts for 50% of all co2 emission and on average a house produces 7.5 tonnes of co2 every year, four tonnes if built to current regulations. It is not therefore, difficult to see the benefits of increasing the insulation capacity of the building envelope as one mechanism for reducing the amount of fossil fuels required in running our homes This statement above agrees to such statements from the majority of authors such as Buchann and honey, Borjesson and Gustavasson, Brunklaud and baumann, that much thought should be put into materials such as the fabric, structure of your house and your insulating materials therefore reducing the need of burning fossil fuels Although timber frame has a better environmental impact at manufacture stage from reports above it can be argued that masonry can achieve as a good an impact on the environment as timber frame over the life of the building. 1.2.2 Waste Impact A dictionary definition of environment waste is that of any substance, solid, liquid or gaseous for which no use can be found by the organisation or system that produces it for which a method of disposal must be devised. (RICS, 2009) However (Mnyani 2003, pg4-5) describes it as any waste that is generated during the process of construction, leftovers that are to be disposed post construction and this includes demolition debris. The construction industry is one of the largest industrial sectors in the UK, Construction and demolition waste represents roughly 17 per cent of total waste production in the UK, making the construction industry the largest generator of controlled waste in the country (DETR, 1999). It is estimated that some 70 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste arise annually (Environment Agency Website, 2000). Ekanaye Ofori 2000 indicate from their study on 230 different building sites, they found that waste levels for specific materials is consistently higher than the estimated level for all materials studied. New purchases to replace wasted materials rework to correct mistakes, delays and dealing with generated waste cause heavy financial losses to the contractor. Therefore the author feels the use of timber frame construction will play a good role in reducing waste as the timber frame panels arrive on site and are erected in a matter of hours in support of this (Glynn, 2000) points out that Arrival on site timber frame kit and erected in less than a week, approx 1 4 days This therefore cuts out on materials been damaged as a result of lying around the site, but however (Johnson, 1981p6) states that Waste occurs on site for a number of reasons, most of which can be prevented, this waste can occur form the Misinterpretation of drawing, Overestimating of quantity required, Faulty workmanship and Careless handing of materials. From this statement timber frame construction exceeds masonry as wastage on site can be reduced significantly by the maximum use of prefabricated units. As well as reducing wastage, quality control and efficiency during manufacture of standard materials in the factory means that the net amount of material required for production of the final component is minimised. Factory conditions make the use of off cuts more likely. Recycling and reuse of materials have long been associated with wise construction practises. Experienced contractors are now reaping the economic advantage of construction waste management. Many of the contractors that have embraced waste management have made changes to their operation and practices to take advantage of reduced waste disposal costs and revenues derived from recycle, reuse and salvage materials. Utilizing, reuse and salvage methods on site reduces materials that end up in the landfill, creates a cleaner and safer project site and improves community relations. 1.3 Factors effecting costs. Mark Windsor spokesperson for Design and Materials Company suggests that costs for masonry are the same for timber frame houses http://www.designandmaterials.uk.com/materials/brick-and-block.html To evaluate this statement Glynn (2000) demonstrates a construction programme in the following charts. Timber Frame Programme Foundations for kit are prepared, approx 1.5 weeks. Arrival on site timber frame kit and erected in less than a week, approx 1 4 days. External doors and windows fitted to seal house from external elements, approx 1 week. During phase three the roof is erected, felted and battened and tiled, approx 1.5 weeks. External cladding completed approx 1.5 weeks. During phase five, first fix electricity, plumbing and carpentry can begin, approx 2.5 weeks. Internal wiring and pipe work to be complete, approx 2 3 days. Drying out period, approx 2 4 days. Start second fix services, approx 2 3 weeks. Decoration can now begin and client takes over. This concludes timber frame programme at twelve weeks. Source (Kenneth Glynn, Prefabricated timber frame construction, 2000) Traditional masonry programme Foundations for kit are prepared, approx 1.5 weeks. Masonry envelope can commence approx 4 5 weeks. About one week after envelope commenced, fixing and glazing the doors, approx 3 weeks. During phase three, the roof is erected, felted and battened and tiled, approx 1.5 weeks. Note scaffolding will be on site for the majority of the above. During phase five, first fix electricity, plumbing and carpentry can begin, approx 2.5 weeks. Internal wiring and pipe-work to be complete, approx 2 3 days. Start second fix services, approx 2 3 weeks. Decoration can now begin and client takes over. This concludes traditional masonry programme at about twenty weeks. Source (Kenneth Glynn, Prefabricated timber frame construction, 2000) In examination of the construction programmes, there is a large differential in time scale between inception and move in dates. It is possible to come to the conclusion based on the solid facts that the programmes portray to us that the development of the timber frame house is by far the most efficient in terms of speed in completion. The difference in weeks is quite substantial with the programme of development comprising of the timber frame method of construction far more efficient with an overall saving of about eight to nine weeks. A timber house is usually watertight by week five of the build; by contrast a traditional masonry house is not watertight for nine or ten weeks. Traditional construction methods are extremely vulnerable to inclement weather conditions. Such inclement weather conditions will cause delay to the overall completion of the project, this is not a factor for timber frame construction as all internal works can began at week five, despite any external weather c onditions. By Glynn 2000 contrasting these two construction programmes it shows that the timber frame programme would offer a rapid development construction to meet market demand thus providing a return on your development almost of immediate effect. In support of Glynn an article in built it magazine states When comparing timber frame to masonry, masonry is generally the slower of the two. However this article indicates one must factor in time it takes to get a timber frame onto site from the date it is ordered, which can take up to 16 weeks ( Build It magazine, published May 2008.) However from examining Glynn 2000 construction programme there are direct costs saving advantages such as reduced construction time, overheads and less waste. Other factors that should be considered when carrying out a cost benefit analysis are the preliminaries costs as early off-hire of cranes and scaffolding due to reduced construction times and also reduced on site labour which saves money. With brick and block, build costs are spread over a longer period of time. However one must consider the overall programme cost reductions by timber frame construction. Timber Frame is touted to have the following advantages: That it is a faster method of construction with the ability to halve the total on-site construction duration; That it requires less on-site labour; That large number of units can be constructed within a short time; That the faster construction and reduced on-site work brings financial benefits to the developer in terms of shorter period of financing the project and completed buildings being put up for sale much faster. Factory-produced homes are usually erected on site in a matter of days. Once up, the internal finishes can be started right away, which can produce further time savings. However, there may be lengthy delays involved in getting the frame built. Also bear in mind that thin-joint masonry promises many of the speed advantages of timber frame. The NHBC estimates up to a three-month time saving by choosing timber. On Price For many years, timber frame used to be thought of as a little more expensive, but advocates claimed that you could claw back any extra expense by shortening the length of the job overall, thus reducing overhead and finance costs. However, more recently the picture has become confused. Blocklayers became very expensive, eroding the cost differential; while timber frame factories became very busy, lengthening the time taken to process the orders, and thus losing much of the speed advantage. The fact is that there really isnt that much cost difference. As a rule, masonry sits better (and cheaper) behind a brick or stone skin, whilst timber frame comes into its own behind a lightweight external skin such as timber. Representatives of both timber frame and brick and block would agree that there is relatively not much of a difference in the cost between the two constructions techniques. If timber frame is chosen for its quick build time, One believes that overall the cost benefits of timber frame houses offer better value as the proposed development would include rapid construction to meet market demand thus providing a return on your development almost of immediate effect. . The speedy construction of timber framed houses enables the contractor to construct a large number of houses in a relatively short period of time. A timber frame house owner would also have the added benefit of a more energy efficient home 1.4 Perception of timber frame and its barriers: The use of timber frame construction of houses has faced many challenges in recent years as other materials such as sandcrete blocks, concrete blocks and brick replaced timber as main building construction materials due to many barriers such as psychological barriers mainly form general public. The public perception of timber frame construction in comparison to the traditional masonry construction. B.k. Baiden, E. Badu, F.S Menz (2004) is as follows Timber can consumed by fire if used in building construction, Durability is relatively poor structural ability The lack of understanding and cynical views expressed by the public on the fire resistance, durability and structural properties of timber frame structures initially made Timber frame construction to received negative comments throughout the last few decades and has came under scrutiny which has influenced the negative perception the general public have adopted The timber frame industry was effectively killed off overnight in the early 1980s, after the world in action programme raised a number of doubts about the standards of construction Barrys (2002) Timber frame construction has received negative comments throughout the last few decades and has come under scrutiny which has influenced the negative perception the general public have adopted. Some members of the public associate timber with been a fuel for fire and therefore timber frame structures are more liable to ignite. The author feels this is a harsh and unjust assessment, which has restricted the growth of timber frame housing during the 1980s and the early 1990s when it could have gained a valuable foot hold in the housing market during this period. However in recent years the only slight concerns remain in the public domain and this has helped timber frame housing to gain a 30% share in the domestic housing market. Many professionals in the timber frame industry believed that consumers no longer had doubts regarding fire, which will be illustrated later in the questionnaire conducted by the author. Government reports indicate that There are some residual reservations about timber frame among architects, engineers, builders, administrative bodies, financial institutions and insurance companies as well as with end users. Perceived problems with timber frame construction in the housing market from both the end users and local authorities would include a perceived greater risk of fire, issues of sound attenuation in a timber structure and the impact such a structure might have on the security of the end user. however Narty 1971 states that Timber constructed houses can be built to last for a period of 40-100 years, this suggests that timber frame construction is every bit as good as the traditional masonry method. Most people perceive a brick block house to be more solid than timber frame http://www.buildstore.co.uk/mykindofhome/events/different-building-systems-weekend-in-detail.html Traditional masonry cavity walls, most commonly brick with an inner structural leaf of concrete block, have dominated house building in the UK for the past eighty years, but there are a number of other systems that are gradually making inroads, including timber frame, http://www.cyprus-property-buyers.com/files/constructionmethods.pdf One question that perpetually raises its head is which is cheapest of the two most prevalent systems timber frame or brick and block? The author will look in great detail at the properties in timber frame buildings to evaluate the perception in the industry towards timber frame and why they think masonry is the better construction overall. 1.4.1 Fire resistance: Barry (1998) states that although timber is a combustible material, it can function as a structural member for a longer period than an unprotected metal member provided it is of adequate section White (1999) agrees with this statement saying The relatively good structural behaviour of timber in fire is due to the fact that it has uniform strength through the mass. The load bearing capacity is therefore reduced in proportion to the loss of the cross section, the unburned section, however, retains a full high strength Forest products research institute (1988) also agrees with this; as the results from a study showed that timber of sufficient size is difficult to burn because of cross sections decompose relatively slowly due to its low thermal conductivity and the formation of charcoal on the outer sections Sustainable houses (2000) agrees with the above as it states that timber frame homes tested to BS476 demonstrate that they exceed these requirements BRE structural survey (2002) indicates that in the TF 2000 BRE project no evidence to suggest that timber frame construction suffers disproportionally form problems of poor workmanship or that it is exposed to higher risks of fire spread than traditional masonry counterpart. In support of this TRADA and BRE fire safety research concluded that Timber frame performs as well as other construction in fire and life safety is at no greater risk. 1.4.2 Thermal: Sustainable (2000) suggests that one of the most commonly identified advantages of timber frame systems in relation to thermal performance, The most important factor by far being the structural envelope. The most basic timber frame home will exceed current building regulations requirements In support of this statement Doran (2008) BRE states timber frame insulation solutions lend themselves to going significantly beyond the minimum thermal performance requirements Timber frame can easily meet current regulations by increasing stud size therefore increasing the amount of insulation, giving a better U-value. With the governments publication of new regulations in 2006 part L relating to energy conservation and ventilation in new homes Timber frame uk suggests that with the introduction of these new part L regulations for new built homes timber frame housing has increased because of its suitability for modern building and it can comply with the new regulations so easily and cost effectively With timber being a poor conductor of heat Barry (1993), the thermal conductivity is very low making it a natural insulator which is two to four times of common insulating materials Simpson (1999) However Doran 2008 indicates that to achieve the expected thermal performance in timber frame dwellings requires good workmanship 1.4.3 Acoustic: Sound is a form of energy which can be transmitted over a distance from its source through a medium, such as air or a solid element of construction e.g. a wall or a floor. A construction based website Homebuilding.Co.uk indicates that heavyweight building techniques have a clear advantage here. But in detached housing, the chief area of concern is noise between floors and most masonry homes actually have timber intermediate floors, so in this respect there is little difference http://www.homebuilding.co.uk/feature/construction-systems-masonry-vs-timber Sustainable (2000) indicates that timber frame masonry outperforms masonry party walls by some margin In support of this Trada (2000) agrees with this statement indicating lightweight timber frame party walls between semi-detached or terraced houses and flats and party floors between flats meet the current requirements of the building regulations for sound insulation. However many authors argue this (.) stating that building mass is the only way to provide high sound insulation. An article by Clive Fewins, published in home building and Renovating magazine agrees with the above statement with regards to the public perception, where the public perception of masonry built is strong and durable A masonry structure gives a house a feeling of solidity, as the density of the blocks provides a high level of acoustic mass Trada state Its interesting that even our standard 140mm timber frame walls are 20 per cent more thermally efficient than current building regulations demand. Sound insulation is more efficient too with a timber frame, compared with other methods of construction. This public perception of the acoustic performance of timber frame has also played a role in hindering the growth of timber frame housing but these unsubstantiated views have been contradicted by a number of independent assessments within the industry. However BRE are in favour of timber frame building stating, If all dwellings had sound insulation as good as that measured in party walls of timber frame homes, the problems of noise from neighbours would be greatly reduced. Just like any other new homes, when built with good standards of workmanship, timber frame homes will meet all current Building Regulations and Standards on sound insulation and acoustic performance. It is commonly assumed that only solid walls that are found in traditional masonry houses can guarantee you peace and quiet. In 2003 tests were carried out by (BRE) the Building Research establishment on Robust Details that can be used by any designer and house builder, this research proved that timber frame houses performed best out of any construction method. This research was also reviewed on the UKs largest database of test cases on sound performance going back over 17 years, by Dr Sean Smith of Napier University who also stated the superior sound performance of timber frame houses. A statement from Dr Sean smith in a recent website article on timber frame construction shows after researching on acoustical performance how he personally feels timber frame can easily outperform current regulations Our research shows that timber frame party walls are the best performing in the industry for current and future regulations. The (Irish timber frame association) suggest the importance of mass has always been perceived as been vital to achieve good sound insulation, however reliance on mass alone would be impractical and a largely unpopular method of improving sound performance. In recent years other characteristics have became more important such as isolation, stiffness, absorbency and air tightness. Isolation makes it more difficult for sound to propagate through the building by introducing physical breaks, this is an important for good sound insulation, and the cavity walls in both house types perform this function. Stiffness of structural members, gives greater resistance to structure borne vibration caused by sound. Absorbency in voids helps dampen sound and finally by ensuring the separating structures are totally sealed, sound leakage through gaps is avoided. It is widely accepted that timber frame construction is exploiting these characteristics and is well ahead of other methods when the regulatio ns change in the future. Noise nuisance within homes is becoming a more widespread concern in modern times as ownership televisions, stereos and game consoles are at an all time high and this is causing conflict among neighbours. The findings of BRE have contradicted the public perception that mass is essential to gain high-quality acoustic performance. Durability: Narty (1971) argues that The Durability of timber is often discussed with reference to fungi, or insect attack. In absence of these, timber is remarkably resistant and will survive for long periods of time; the author has found such evidence as the Egyptian tombs which are over 200 years old. BRE (1996) conducted two large scale independent surveys and found no instances of rot caused by water ingress. And all timber exposed areas (Cavity) that are preservative treated shall cause little trouble In support of this Simpson (1999) agrees with this statement suggesting that timber kept constantly dry does not decay and a large proportion timber used is kept dry and can last for very long periods 1.5 Advantages of timber frame over masonry: Timber frame offers a number of advantages compared to most other forms of construction The previously stated the u turn for the rise in popularity for timber frame methods of construction has not been unfounded, with large benefits to the client and contractor been identified as the basis for this success. Many of the countrys contractors in the housing are now seriously considering this technique because it, provides high quality houses, quickly and cost effectively Source (Prefabrication-solution to an overstretched industry, Nov 2001, The Irish construction Industry Magazine) The greater use of well-designed timber frame houses will help ease the pressures on traditional construction trades, it also has the benefit of helping to speed up projects and help ensure cleaner and safer sites Source (Webb, M., The construction magazine, Prefabrication Report) On Speed Factory-produced homes are usually erected on site in a matter of days. Once up, the internal finishes can be started right away, which can produce further time savings. However, there may be lengthy delays involved in getting the frame built. Also bear in mind that thin-joint masonry promises many of the speed advantages of timber frame. The NHBC estimates up to a three-month time saving by choosing timber.

Health care cost Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

Health Care Costs Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Healthcare is expensive and Americans want the best possible healthcare they can get. Consumers are demanding more tests, better drugs and insurance coverage. Americans desire a high quality of life and insurers/employers are trying to provide the means, but cost effectively and without raising costs. In order to do this, â€Å"consumers will have to make more decisions, pay more and perhaps demand greater value† (Barr, Paul).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The common forces driving utilization and costs are medical technology advancement, demanding consumers, and an aging population† (Barr). Advancements can be seen all over the medical field in areas such as MRIs, new cardiology procedures, highly specialized drugs, cancer treatments, and new laboratory procedures. Consumers are savvy and know their options. There is advertising from pharmaceutical companies and medical technology corporations promoting their drugs and products nationally via the Internet, magazine and television ads. The aging population is also living longer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This population is living longer due to technological advances and insurance coverage. A huge portion of this coverage provided is by Medicare. Generations have paid into and depended upon this source of funding for years. It is projected that Medicare will be exhausted within the next 14 years. Currently Medicare â€Å"is the biggest single p... Health care cost Analysis Essay -- essays research papers Health Care Costs Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Healthcare is expensive and Americans want the best possible healthcare they can get. Consumers are demanding more tests, better drugs and insurance coverage. Americans desire a high quality of life and insurers/employers are trying to provide the means, but cost effectively and without raising costs. In order to do this, â€Å"consumers will have to make more decisions, pay more and perhaps demand greater value† (Barr, Paul).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The common forces driving utilization and costs are medical technology advancement, demanding consumers, and an aging population† (Barr). Advancements can be seen all over the medical field in areas such as MRIs, new cardiology procedures, highly specialized drugs, cancer treatments, and new laboratory procedures. Consumers are savvy and know their options. There is advertising from pharmaceutical companies and medical technology corporations promoting their drugs and products nationally via the Internet, magazine and television ads. The aging population is also living longer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This population is living longer due to technological advances and insurance coverage. A huge portion of this coverage provided is by Medicare. Generations have paid into and depended upon this source of funding for years. It is projected that Medicare will be exhausted within the next 14 years. Currently Medicare â€Å"is the biggest single p...

Hunger Games Summer Reading

Now days, everything is about freedom and equality in The United States. The American government is trying to spread these ideals to countries across the world. In The Hunger Games, Suzanne Collins argues the point that all people are equal by using the Capitol as an example. In the book, the leaders of Panem host the Hunger Games, a competition requiring two young citizens from each district to fight to death, annually. The tributes chosen to compete in the games are chosen at random from a drawing filled with each of the names of young adults in the different districts.Children ages twelve to eighteen are enlisted into the drawing. The entries are cumulative though, so when the tribute is twelve their name is entered once, thirteen twice, and so on until they are eighteen it will be entered seven times. Also, the tributes can choose to add their name to the drawing more times in exchange for tessera, which is a small portion of rice and oil. This makes the underprivileged members o f each district more likely to be sent to the Capitol to compete in the games.The rules of the games are completely unfair and prejudice toward poor people, much like the world is today. Although we focus on and try to help the less fortunate, we are more interested in who has the most money and want to put those people up on a pedestal. The members of the Capitol and their families are refrained from being put in the drawing just because they are â€Å"important in the society. † It is not clearly stated in the book that these rules are unfair, but it is so hard not to think about how the districts just take unreasonable orders from the Capitol.Although logos and ethos don’t really play a part in this novel, pathos holds a pretty big responsibility. Collins appeals to her audience’s emotions in the story by the way she builds relationships between the readers and the characters. You will get so attached to Katniss when you read this book and will be anticipatin g her to make the right decisions and take home the title of the games. This connects to the argument because once you get to know her character, you will feel sympathy for the unnecessary punishment she does through.

Leonardos Mona Lisa vs. Michelangelos David Essay

Leonardo’s Mona Lisa v. Michelangelo’s David The Mona Lisa, painted by Leonardo da Vinci around 1503-6, is oil on panel. It is a three quarter portrait of a young, Florentine woman. She is sitting in a chair with her torso twisting around to face the viewer. Her hands are resting on the arm of the chair. Behind the woman in the background is a landscape very characteristic of many Leonardo paintings. The Mona Lisa was painted toward the end of Leonardo’s career. In contrast, the David created by Michelangelo around 1501-4, is a marble sculpture of the biblical hero David. The seventeen foot tall statue depicts a young man standing in contrapposto. Most of his weight is supported with is right leg, while his left leg is relaxed. He holds†¦show more content†¦Raphael’s School of Athens v. Leonardo’s Adoration of the Magi The School of Athens is a fresco done by Raphael around 1510-12 in the Stanza della Segnatura, St. Peters for Bramante. It is a large figure group situated within a linear perspectival environment. Two main figures, Aristotle and Plato stand in the center of the large figure group in the background. There are two smaller figure groups on the left and right in the foreground. In contrast, the Adoration of the Magi, painted by Leonardo da Vinci around 1481-2 is a large figure group with a central triangular figure group. In the background on the left are ruins of a building and men on horseback fighting. Leonardo was commissioned by monks of San Donato a Scopeto in Florence, however, was left unfinished by Leonardo when he left for Milan. Two main differences immediately apparent between Raphael’s School of Athens and Leonardo’s Adoration of the Magi are the compositions of the large figure groups within each painting and the state of completion. In the forty foot wide fresco of School of Athens, the figures are organized in a mathematically constructed arrangement. The heads of the figure group in the background create a central horizontal line across the fresco. The two smaller figure groups in the foreground on the left and right are arranged with slightly less linear organization however when compared to the figure group of Leonardo’s Adoration of the MagiShow MoreRelatedLeonardo Da Vinci vs. Michelangelo Buonarroti Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesLeonardo da Vinci vs. Michelangelo Buonarroti Linda Williams Art 101 Instructor: Anne Olden April 9th, 2012 1. Thesis statement a. Michelangelo’s sculpting of David, the Pieta, as well as his painting of the Creation of Adam on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel was some of his great works that influenced the art of the 16th century; Leonardo da Vince also contributed great works such as; the Last Supper, the Mona Lisa, and the Modonna of the Rocks. 2. David a. Michelangelo wasRead MoreMichelangelo vs. Leonardo Da Vinci Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesMichelangelo vs. Leonardo da Vinci ART 101 Art Appreciation August 15, 2011 The works of Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo influenced the art of the 16th century in Italy and Europe in many ways. Three of Michelangelo’s works such as: The Last Judgment, Pieta, and David were great works during his time. Leonardo da Vinci also contributed great works to the 15st century such as: The Last Supper, St. James in the Wilderness, and The Mona Lisa. Although there were some similarities in Leonardo